“A ki piangsak khempeuh lakpan a masa pen,” Colossian 1:15 By Dr. Thang Suan Sum, PhD

“A ki piangsak khempeuh lakpan a masa pen,” Colossian 1:15 (ZNV): Amah kan a Vanglian omlo Zeisu         

Dr.Thang Suan Sum, PhD

 

                                                       Thu kong honna

 Paul in Topa Zeisu pen “a ki piangsak khempeuh lakpan a masa pen,” ci-in Colossians 1:15 ah a gen hi. Hih Laisiangtho mun simna tungtawnin mi pawlkhat in “Topa Zeisu pen Pa Pasian in mihing teng khempeuh a bawlma Zeisu a bawl hi,” cih thu khupna nei uh hi. Topa Zeisu pen “piansak teng khempeuh lak pan a lianpen” (Patzia and Petrotta, 2002, p. 16), cih Arianism ngaihsutna pen khang kizom tatsat lo-in huzap ong nei hi. Tua ahih man in Colossian 1:15 pen a nung a ma a thu om tungtawn in telcian ding kisam hi.

 

Upna lam ah Colossiante Nungthu

 Onesimus tungtawn in Paul in “Colossae pawlpi tungah upna dik lo thu tangko na om” ahih lam a zak ciangin Colossian pawlpi tungah lai a khak hi (McConnell, 2019, p. 398). Hih Colossian pawlpi tung a laikhak a hi, a diak in Colossians 1:15-20 pen “Zeisu Christ a ding a la vui (poem)” a hi hi (McConnell, 2019, p. 399). Colossians mite pen “Greek leh Zawmah te pasian nam cin” tawh na ki paai kaan sa khuapi mite ahi uh a (Cadwallader, 2015, pp. 47-68), AD kumzabi 2na lai a “sumtang” (pp. 47-49) a zat uh te tung ah gun pasian leh gam ui pasiante liim zong na tuangsak uh hi. Tua bek thamlohin, Cybele “leitung nusian” (Cadwallader, 2015, pp. 49-52) zong bia uh hi. Tua tawh a kizom in, Zeus pasian pen  “Colossae khuapi kem pasian” (McConnell, 2019, p. 401) in a saang uh hi. A kigenna ah Colossians 1:15-20 sung a “Zeisu Christ a ding a la vui (poem)” (McConnell, 2019, p. 401) pen Laisiangtho Lui sung a phatna la taang a kizang kimlai pen Colossian khuapi cing pasian ahi Zeus phatna in kizangh hi (Adamczewski, 2006). Tua Colossian khua mi te in a theih uh tua la vui pen Amah kan a vanglian omlo Zeisu phatna la a hih lam a tel theih na ding uh leh Zeisu bek bia a “a mau te nuntakna ah Zeisu bek masak bel in aneih theih na ding un” (Kręcidło, 2021, p. 1134), Amah pen pasian te Pasian a hih lam a theih na ding un Paul in Colossian khuapi mi te a gen na a hi hi. Tua ahih man in hih Colossians 1:15-20 sung ah Paul ii ngimna pen Zeisu pen pasian/nusiante Pasian hi a, Amah lo ngal biaktak om lo a hihlam a lahna ahi hi.

 

“Asia nitumna gam” tengah vantungmi makai Saint Michael biakna pen Christiante hi ta leh Christian lo a hi Judah biakna teng in paksak mah mah hi (Cadwallader, 2015, pp. 184-189). Paul in Colossian pawlpite a laikhak ii ngimna a hih leh tua dan a lampialna, thuhilh dik lo, mipil tungtuangte huzap, leh a kiim a paam tungtawn a upna a pialsak thei te kiang pan Christian te kepcing nopna ahi hi. Hih bulkip neilo thu te pan in suakta a tawntung vanglian Topa Zeisu bek liatsak ding pen Colossian pawlpi te vaipuak ahih lam Paul in lai a khak ahi hi.

 

 Colossians 1:15 Sung a Laigual Gualhdante Etcianna

 Kammal khaikhawm πρωτότοκος “a masa pen” (Col 1:15) in a tuam vilvel minphatna a hi “a masa pen” hihna a lak hi. Hi mah leh, tua kammal in mihing/ganhingte suah masakna kawk khintuan lo ahih manin leitung nuntakna zang ding a suakkhia masa pen cih lam ah kizangh khin thei lo hi. Colossian 1:15 zongh tua bang mah ahi hi. Colossian 1:15 sung a kammalte leh tua Laisiangtho mun i thu nung leh thu ma a hi Col 1:15-20 te en le hangh Topa’ Zeisu pen “a kimu thei lo Pasian lim le mel hi” cihna gen hi. Amah pen na khempeuh a piangsak Pa ahi hi (v. 16). Tua ahih manin, Amah pen kuan man a bawl kei hi, Tankhia Pa ahihna tawh, piansak na khempeuh pen Pasian tawh kilem kop thei ding a kibawl ahi hi. Colossians 1:15-20 sungah laimalte kizopzia anuai a bang ahi hi.

                                 A kimu thei lo (v. 15)      

  A     Tua Tapa in   Pasian lim le mel hi a, a kipiangsak khempeuh lak pan a masa pen a hi hi (v. 15)   

                      Tapa tungtawn in aki piangsak ahi hi (v. 16)          

                          Na khempeuh in Ama tungtawn le Ama aa dingin aki piangsak ahi hi (v. 16)           

                B       Na khempeuh aom ma in Amah om a (v. 17)

                          C    Ama sungah na khempeuh a om hi (v. 17)

               B’     Amah in pumpi, pawlpi lutang ahi hi (v. 18)          

   A’   Amah    A kipatna leh a bul ahi hi (v. 18) 

                Misite lak panin a thokik masa pen ahi hi (v. 18) 

             Banghang him cihleh Pasian in Ama kicinna khempeuh Tapa sung a om ding (v.19)            

          Na khempeuh, amahmah tawh a kilem kik ding a deih hi (v. 20)  

 A tung a thu lahna ah “masa” cih kammal nih vei kizang hi (v. 15 & v. 18). Topa Zeisu pen Pasian’ piansak mihingteng lakpan a suak masa pen ahih zah khat bang in, a si sateng lakpan zongh Amah a suak masa pen ahi hi. Hih thu nihna pen in tua thu masa pen a pholakna-ah piankhiatna pen thu buai huai ahihloh lam hong lak hi. Topa Zeisu pen sihna pan a tho zo hi; hi mah leh, Amah pen sihna pan a hong piang khia ahi kei hi. Ama thawhma-in midang a tho khin zo om ahih manin Amah pen hun tawh kisai-in a masa pen ahi kei hi. Amah pen “misite lak panin a thokik masa pen” (v. 18) cih kammal in Topa Zeisu thawhkikna in Ama thawhma a thokhinsate leh Ama thawh khit a thote/tho dingte pen Ama tungtawn pan bekin ahih theih bek lam a genna hi zaw hi (John 11:25). Tua mah bangin mihing a piang khinsate leh apiang laidingte zong Ama tung bekah kinga hi. Late 89:20, 27 in agen mah bang in, “masa” (Colossians 1:15) cih kammal tawh hih thu nih te ki zopna in sangpen hihna genna ahi hi. Tua ahih manin Topa Zeisu pen kua- ma bawl ahi kei hi.

Colossians 1:15a Sung a Laimal Gualhdante Etcianna

Col 1:15 sung leh hih Laisiangtho mun’ thunung ahi Col 1:16-20 in Topa Zeisu pen εἰκὼν τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ἀοράτου “a kimu theilo Pasian lim le mel” (v. 15) cih ong gen hi. Min (noun) ahi εἰκών pen “tangmi, aitang, leh salh kikna” (Kręcidło, 2021, p. 1137) cihte in kikhia thei hi. Greek kammal ahi εἰκών i gennop pen mi khat peuh kipholak na a om kei leh kua mah in a theih zawh loh lam ki tel tak in hong lak a, hi mah leh, tua kammal ki zatna te en le hangh mi khat in a dang mi khat a gen ciang in tua akigen pen a theih baih nadingin akibatpih mi dang khat akigen hi. Colossians 1:15a a laimal εἰκών in “kipatkhiatna bulpi i nasep hong lahkhia hi lo zaw in, mihing lungsim tawh tel theih ding a tehkakna” (Northcott, 2018, p. 210) hong lak hi zaw hi. Matthew 22:20 leh Rom 1:23 sungte ah Caeser’ lim leh ganhing limte hong kilak khia a, tua in aiawh ngaihsutna hong piakkhiat banah Piancil 1:26, 27 te tawh kizom hi. Colossians 1:15a a εἰκών cih kammal in Zeisu Christ’ mihing a hong pianna dinmun pholak khia a, mihing a ahong pian manin amaute in Pasian pen mihing lim leh mel in a mu thei uh hi. Greek Laisiangtho Lui (LXX) in εἰκών kammal pen “aiawh” tua teh Hebia Laisiangtho Lui (MT) in צֶלֶם “ai-awh” (Piancil 1:26, 27) cih danin ngaihsutna kibang in na at uh hi.

Piancil 1:28 sung ah thuneihna nam 4 mipa tung ah kipia a, tuate in, פָּרָה “cipha,” רַבָּה “pung,” כָּבַשׁ “dim,” רָדָה “thuneihna” cihte ahi hi. Hih a tung i pulaakte pen ganhingte hihtheih hi lo ahih manin Pasian’ lim leh mel akibawl ahi mipa pen ganhingte sangin sang zaw hi. Greek Laisiangtho Lui (LXX) sungah Piancial 1:27 ah εἰκόνα θεοῦ “Pasian lim,” leh Laisiangtho thak Colossians 1:15a sung a ὅς ἐστιν εἰκὼν τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ἀοράτου “tua Tapa in akimu theilo Pasian lim” cih tehkak lehang anihna pen in ὅς “relative pronoun” tawh kammal honna nei a, tua in “Tapa/He” hi a, tua zom ah “hihna a lak/verb of being” ἐστιν “is” in nungzuih a, hih laigualte gel pen υἱοῦ τῆς ἀγάπης αὐτοῦ “a it a Tapa” (Colossians 1:13) in a khui tuah hi. Adam pen Pasian’ lim sun a akibawl hangin (Piancilna 1:26-28), Tapa pen piangsak Pa (Colossians 1:16) ahih man in Amah pen Adam om ma in a omkhin zo hi. Tua ahih manin Adam pen Tapa mel a kibawl hi a, “Pa leh Tapa vangliatna a kikim hi” (Cowan, 2006, p. 116).

Colossians 1:15-20 in ong lahkhiat ahih leh leitung aki “piansakma” thu a gen na ah Pasian hihna i cih “in tawntung hun akipan Tapa sung a om ahi neihsa a cih nopna hi” (Jeal, 2011, p. 293). Tapa pen leitung aki bawl ma in om khin ahih leh Ameh pen hun i ciangtanh theihloh ahi hi. Gam veng te tawh ki elpuak in Pasian in Amah tawh ki bang na khat peuh Israel mite in a kep/a biak ding uh aphal kei hi (Paikhiatna 20:4). Amah aki tel sem theihna ding in, Pa Pasian in Pasian’ Tapa mihing te kiang ah apholak a, Amau tegel Khat ahih lam alak hi (John 10:30), tua ahih man in Pasian Tapa in Pa Pasian aiawh ahi hi.

 Colossians 1:15b Sung a Laimal Gualhdante Etcianna

 Judahte le Christian pawlkhat in humop a asan uh Laisiangtho munte: Sirach 23:24 leh Baruch 3:36-4:1 in a gen na vuah Pasian’ lim/mel pen Laisiangtho kammalah om hi cih ngaihsutna nei uh a, tua in Pasian’ kammal maimang ngeilo ahih lam alak hi (Isa 40:8; 1 Pet 1:25). Laisiangtho lui sung a Paunak bute ah Pasian’ pilna pen adang nate sangin piang masa zaw (Prov 8:22-25; Sir 1:4) ci hi, banghang hiam cih leh aki pat cilin Pasian tawh a om khawm hi (Wis 9:9). Alexandria khua a Philo in pilna pen “tapa masa pen” (Kręcidło, 2021, p. 1139) hi, ci hi. Judahte ngeina dan a pai ahi pilna tawh kisai lailam nasepnate- ah “pian masakna” cih pen nuntakna pumpi tawh kithuah pilna hi a, tua in Pasian’ bawlsa ahi kei hi, hi mah leh, a gen nop thu pen na teng khempeuh lak pan a masa pen hihna ahi hi (Bauer-Danker, 2000, p. 726). Hih thu in Topa Zeisu tawh bulh ahih man in πρωτότοκος πάσης κτίσεως “a kipiangsak khempeuh lak pan a masa pen” (v. 15b) cih laigual in Zeisu Christ pen mihingte bangin piansak ahih na gen nuam ahi kei zaw a, leitung leh vantungah vanglian pen leh Amah aban omlo ahih na lak zaw hi.

 ANE te in Ngeina Tungtawn a Pasian’ Lim/mel  Tawh Kisai a Sanzia uh

 Ancient Near Easternte (ANE) in amau ngeina tungtawn un ukna zaa a nei te pen “Pasian lim le mel” (Piancilna 1:26-27) in sang uh hi. Egypte leh Mesopotamiate tangthu ah kumpite pen “gam khat a kem pasian” in sang uh a, pahtawi-in bia uh hi (Northcott, 2018, p. 213). Gentehna, Amon Re pasian in kumpi Pharoah Amenhotep III (r. 1388/91-1349/51 BC) pen “nang mah ka it ka tapa, ka nakguhte pan a piangkhia, kei ma lim le mel ngiat, leitung ah kong om sak” (Northcott, 2018, p. 213), ci-in gen hi. Hih ANEte ngeina zangin Pasian in Topa Zeisu vangliatna a kilangsak hi.

 Laisiangtho Lui sungah πρωτότοκος Prõtotokos Kizatzia

 Greek Laisiangtho Lui (LXX) in kammal πρωτότοκος pen “piang masa” ci a, Hebia Laisiangtho Lui (MT) in kammal בָּכַר “piang masa” mah ci hi; hih tawh kisai Laisiangtho Lui-ah 130 vei kigelh a, thu nam 2 in gen hi (Feník and Lapko, 2019, p. 46). Amasa pen ah, ahihna takin gen a (Etsakna in, Piancil 41:51; 43:37; Paikhiatna 34:19-29; Thuhilhkikna 21:16-17; 1 Khangtang thu 5:12; 2 Khangtang thu 21:3), innkuan sung a apiang masa pan kizomsuk diudeu le ganhing in kizom diudeu a suan le khak neihna hi. Anihna ah, mi khat peuh in ta masa hi kei mahleh tua ta masa dan a genna-in zong ki zang a tua i gelna in “lim leh vang tungtawn a zaa kipiakna, innkuan lutang ahi pa i deihtelna” (Fenik and Lapko, 2019, p. 46) tawh kisai ahi hi. Etsakna-in, Piancil 48:20, Jer 31:9; 1 Khangtangthu 26:10; Late 89:27 hi a, David pen a pa ta giatna hi mahleh (1 Sam 16:10-11), “ta masa” danin Late 89:27 (MT) le Late 88:28 (LXX), (Northcott, 2018, p. 222) ah kigelh hi. Kammal πρωτότοκος “piang masa” zatna tawh kizui-in lian pen hihna Laisiangtho Lui in na pholak khia ahih manin tua in Zeisu Christ lian pen ahihlam a kawk nopman ahi hi.

 Laisiangtho Thak sungah πρωτότοκος kizatzia

 Laisiangtho Thak sungah zong, kammal Prõtotokos “piang masa” cih pen aki elpuak thunam nih genna-in na kizang hi. Amasa penin “hihna tak genna” (Luke 2:7 “amah in a tacil ahi tapa nei a”), anihna ahihleh “tehkakna/gentehna piakna” (Rom 8:29 “a Tapa in sanggam tampite lakah ta upapen a suahtheih nadingin,” Col 1:15 “a kipiangsak khempeuh lak pan a masa pen,” Col 1:18/Rev 1:5 “misite lak panin a thokik masa pen,” Hebia 1:6 “leitung a piang masa pen)” (Fenik and Lapko, 2019, p. 46) cihte ahi hi. Prõtotokos kammal zatdan tawh kisai hitaleh Colossians sung a thute in tua kammal in aki zopsak dimdiamna tawh kizui- in i et ciangin Pasian in Zeisu Christ a itna le adangte sangin a telzawkna pen “piang masa” cih kammal tawh a gen hi. Col 1:13 sung a ”Tapa hihna” agenna le Col 1:3 sung a “Pa hihna” pulaknate in Pa le Tapa kizopna pen atuam vilvel in a gen hi (Fenik and Lapko, 2019, p. 47). Pa in a Tapa alapsangna leh a Tapa pen David khanggui tungtawnin sathau nilh kumpi ahih nading pen Col 1:15b, leh Late 89:27 (Late 88:28, LXX) in a pulaak hi. Tua ahih manin mailam a kumpi hong piang ding pen Prõtotokos “piang masa” kici hi. Hih thu a tangtunna pen Mk 10:47 “David a pa, Zeisu” ahi hi.

Laimal gualhzia tungtawnin en lehang, πρωτότοκος “piang masa” (in Col 1:15b) cih kammal in a tuam vilvelin “lepkhopna tungtawnin neihna” (Fenik & Lapko, 2019, p. 47) genna ahi hi. Hih kammal in piansaknate le Zeisu Christ kizom ahih lam lakkhia a, hih πρωτότοκος “piang masa” laimal in “tehkakna hi a, na khempeuh akibang a koihna ahi kei hi” (Fenik & Lapko, 2019, p. 47). Laimal kilamzia ahi “na  khempeuh akibang a koihna” cih in “na hempeuh seng khawm” (Wallace, 1996, p. 84) cihna hi a, tua “a lianpen khat zong na khempeuh lakah a dangte tawh akibangin om khawm” cih thu ahih manin hi pen Col 1:15b tawh ki tuak lo hi (p. 84). Tehkakna in “aki tehkakpih pen tawh ki-el puak a genna (Wallace, 1996, p. 110-111), hi a, etsakna-in, A pen B sangin lian zaw hi cih ahi hi. Col 1:15b sung a laigual in Zeisu Christ pen piansak na khempeuh sangin lianzaw ahih lam hong pho lakkhia hi. Kammal πρωτότοκος “piang masa” cih in Zeisu Christ dinmun kitel takin a pulaak hi. Topa Zeisu pen piansak na khempeuh tawh kisai lo ahih manin Amah pen akipiangsak ahi kei hi. Laigualte kigualhdan in Zeisu Christ leh piansakna khempeuh ki-el puak ahih lam άσης κτίσεως “piansak na khempeuh” in hong lak hi. Mikhat i hihna genna laimal ahi πρωτ- “ma in” cih in Zeisu Christ lianpen ahihna a pulaak hi.

 Πρωτότοκος “piang masa” cih tawh kisai Adventistte Sanzia

 SDAte upna guipi sawmnih leh giat (28SDA, 2015) sungah, leitung bawl ding gelna-ah vaipuak lianpen anei Zeisu Christ hi a, Amah in Pasian’ zia leh tong pholak khia-in, mihingte kitatkhiat nading nasep zong zotakin asep banah mihingte thu tawh kisai thukhenna nei dingin vaipuak a len hi (28SDA, 2015, p. 4.4). Piangsak Pa le thukhen Pa Zeisu Christ hi. Amah pen abawlsa nate kemcing den ahihlam kipulaak hi. Na khempeuh a theihna tawh kizui-in, leitung le mihingte pen Ama khutnuai hi-a, tua thu in Amah pen leitung khuavan nuai-ah lian pen ahihlam a lak hi. “Zeisu Christ in na khempeuh bawl hi”   akicih ciangin “Amah pen na khempeuh apian ma-in a om tawntung ahihna” a lak hi (EGWSDA5BC, 1956, p. 1126.4). Hih thute pen tellah ding om vet lo-in siangtakin kigen sinsen ahih manin piansak na khempeuh sangin Zeisu Christ lian zaw a, Amah pen leitung le vantungah alian pen ahihna in muanmawh nading om lo hi. Zeisu Christ pen hun ciangtan omlo tawntung leh sang pen Pasian hi a, tua hangin Pa Pasian tawh hun ciangtan om lo tawntung a mangkhawm uh (EGWSDA5BC, 1956) ahi hi. Pa-Pasian leh Tapa-Pasian’ thuneihna kizakim hi.

Dederen in agenna-ah simthamin ahi zongin, akilang tangin ahi zongin Laisiangtho Thak in Topa Zeisu pen “Kammal” (John 1:1) ci a, Amah pen Bethlehem khua bawngkuang sungah apian ma-in a om khin zo hi. Zeisu Christ zongh Amah leh Amah pen “vangtung pan a ong kipankhia” (Dederen, 2000, p. 161) ahih lam akigen hi. Zeisu Christ in “Abraham a om ma-in Kei ka om hi” (John 8:58)ci-in a pulaak ciangin, Laisiangtho Lui-ah Ama thu “Keimah ka hi hi” (Paikhiatna 3:14), cih aki genna hi a, sehnel gam mang tulak ah Mosi kiang a gen thu in Zeisu Christ pen kuama bawlsa a piang ahih lohlamleh Amah leh Amah tawntung hun a omsa ahih lam akigenna ahi hi (Dederen, 2000, p. 162). Zeisu Christ pen sangpen Pa ahih manin piansak nate a om ma-in Amah a om khin zo hi.

 Tomkaihna leh Thu Khupna

 Colossae khuapi sungah thudik lo akihilhna hangin Paul in ama thuhilhna lai akhak hi. Greek leh Romante pasian/nusian nam tampi pen Colossian khuapi mite in bia uh, tua teng lakah Zeus pen pasiante Pasian lian pen ahi hi. Tua bek tham lo-in, vangtung mi makai ahi Saint Michael zong bia lai uh hi. Laisiangtho Lui sung a Pasian phatna a kizangh ahi Colossians 1:15-20 sung a la vuite (poem) zang in Colossae khuapi mite in a mau pasian, nusiante phatna in zang uh hi. Tua la vui (poem) ii manphatna a thei Colossian khuapi mite in a lungsim sung vuah tua la vui thu’ (poem) gennop pen leitung leh vantung ah a tawntung in Zeisu Christ lian penleh a sangpen ahihna a nuntakpih theih nadingun Paul in a pulaak hi.

Colossians 1:15-20 huamsung a laimal gualhdan, laimalte cihnop thute leh Ancient Near Eastern (ANE) ngeina tawh kizui a tatdante etcianna bawl ciangin “Pasian lim le mel” cih kammal’ deihna pen Zeisu Christ leh Pa Pasian kizakim a Amah sangpen mun a koihna ahih lam hong lak hi. Colossians 1:15-20 sung a kammal πρωτότοκος  “piang masa” cih pen Laisiangtho Lui (MT & LXX) sung ahi Late 89:20, 27 ah Zeisu Christ lian pen ahihna sangkhanna ahi hi. Tua ahih manin Colossians 1:15 pen Zeisu Christ leh Ama piansakte tehkakna ahi hi. Tua ahih manin Laisiangtho Thak sungah Pa Pasian in Zeisu Christ pen David khanggui pan a kizom Kumpi ahihna le Ama itna a lahkhiatna pen πρωτότοκος “piang masa” cih thu tawh hong hilh ahilh hi hi.

Colossians 1:15 sung a laigualte lakah gualhdan ahi πρωτότοκος “piang masa” cih kammal pen thu nih tehkakna in zang hi. Colossians 1:15 in Zeisu Christ pen abawlnate tawh a tehkak khit ciangin a sang pen leh a lianpen Pa ahih na mumal nei takin lak hi. A pen B sangin aliatzawk mah bangin Zeisu Christ pen abawlsa na khempeuh sangin a lian zaw hi.

Adventist pawlpi’ san dan ahi laigual πρωτότοκος πάσης κτίσεως “a kipiangsak khempeuh lak pan a masa pen” Colossians 1:15b cih in Zeisu Christ pen piansak na khempeuh sangin lian zaw a, a sangpen munah om hi, cih upna ki nei hi. Zeisu Christ pen piangsak Pa ahih manin na khempeuh Amah sangin a sang zaw a om kei hi. Zeisu Christ pen Bethlehem khua- ah naungek a asuahma-in om khin ahih manin hun ciang tanh neilo atawntung a om khin ahih manin Amah leh Pa Pasian pen za kikim uh a, zingvai a hawm khawm uh hi. Tua banah, πρωτότοκος πάσης κτίσεως “a kipiangsak khempeuh lak pan a masa pen” Colossians 1:15b cih in na khempeuh a bawl Zeisu Christ pen a sang pen munah lapsangna kammal hi a, Amah bek biak takcing ahih lam genna ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, Adventist upna in Laisiangtho tawh kituak hi.

 

 Lai-at Pa Thu: Dr. Thang Suan Sum, PhD pen Anlangh khua ah suak in Tedim khuapi ah khangkhia hi. Tedim AAS sangpi ah tan 7 ciang kah in tua khit ciangin Lamka Blue Star ah Tan sawm zo hi. India Plus-II aman khit ciangin Spicer Adventist University ah B.Th man hi. Tua aman khit ciangin Andrew University, US ii piak MA Religion pen Spicer Adventist University Campus pan in man hi. Tua a man khit 2015 kum a kipan in kawlgam Myaungmya khuapi a om MUAS college ah Religion Department ah professor sem  hi. Tua a sep zawh kum 4 khit ciangin MUAS sangpi in PhD kah dingin Philippines gam a om, AIIAS sangpi ah puak uh hi. Tua AIIAS sangpi pan in PhD Course khempeuh aman khit ciangin PhD research leh Dissertation pen Philippines Christian University (PCU) pan in at in 2024 October kha in PhD oral defense leh PhD dissertation man siang hi. Tua aman in khit ciang in kawlgam Myaungmya khuapi a om MUAS College ah Religion department ii professor asep laitak ahihi. Bek tam lo in leitung bup SDA zumpi General Conference ii sponsor tawh Master level Ellen White lai at te tawh kisai Graduate course kah in Ellen G White lai at tawh kisai Diploma Certificate letmat kawlgam mi sungah pan angah masa pen pa zong ahihi.

 

  References

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 Bauer, W-Danker, F.W. (2000). A Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago.

 Cadwallader, A.H. (2015). Fragments of Colossae: Sifting through the traces. Hindmarsh, Australia: Australia Theological Forum.

 Cowan, C. (2006). The Father and the Son in the fourth Gospel: Johannine subordination revisited. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 49(1): 115-135.

 Dederen, R. (2000). Handbook of Seventh-day Adventist Theology. In R. Dederen (Ed). Christ: His Person and work (Pp. 161-162). Hagerstown, MD: Review & Herald.

 Ellen Gould White, EGW SDA Bible Commentary, vol. 5, (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1956), 1126 - 1126. https://egwwritings.org/read?panels=p94.618&index=0

 Feník, J. & Lapko, R. (2019). Christ as ruler in Colossians 1:15-20? Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 95(1): 39-62.

 General Conference of SDA, Seventh-day Adventist: Twenty-eight Fundamental Beliefs, (General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, 2015), 4., https://egwwritings.org/read?panels=p14102.16&index=0

 Jeal, R.R. (2011). Starting before the beginning: Precreation discourse in Colossians. Religion & Theology 18: 287-310.

 Kręcidło, J. (2021). The reconciliation of the world through the blood of Christ’s cross as the completion of the work of creation (Col 1:15-20). Verbum Vitae 39(4): 1133-1157.

 McConnell, J.R. (2019). Colossians: Background and contexts. Review and Expositor 116 (4): 397-410.

 Northcott, C.S. (2018). ‘King of kings’ in other words: Colossians 1:15a as a designation of authority rather than revelation. Tyndale Bulletin 69(2): 205-224.

 Patzia, A.G. & Petrotta, A.J. (2002). Pocket dictionary of biblical studies. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity.

 Wallace, D.B. (1996). Greek grammar beyond the basis: An exegetical syntax of the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.