KUMKIKNA LAMEN INNKUAN by Dr. Dal Khan Mang(Zomi Version)

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KHANGNO LEH MUSIC by Pr. Dr. PL Thlenga

KHANGNOTE LEH MUSIC
(Pr. Dr.PL Thlenga, Professor at Spicer Adventist University, Pune, India)

Introduction:
                  Pasian pen music hong pankhia masa Pa (Originator of music)  leh a bawlkhia Pa a hi hi. Tua ahih manin music pen deih mah mah kha ding hi. Music pen nate a bawl kipat a kipan in vantung mte in na zang mah mah mah ta uh hi. Nate a bawl lai-in, “ Zingsolte in lasa khawm in vantungmite khempeuh lungdam in awng uh hi.( Job 38:7).  Mangmuhna thubu ah vangam pen Pasian’ Tuuno tawlnga lo-in phatna mun hi na ci hi. (Mangmuhna 4:9-11; 5:9-13; 7:10-12; 12:10-12; 14:1-3; 15:2-4; 19:1-8. )
Pasian in Ama’ lim leh mel sun in hong bawl a hih manin music deihna lungsim pen abawl nadangte mah bangin ih nei hi. Music in mihing hong ki lamdang sak zo mah mah a, kampau leh zia tuamtuam tawh kihilh sangin music(zaila) in lungsim hong zo in hong tuisuah sakk baih zaw hi.[1] Music  in ih nuntakna pen Pasian’ omna vantungmite Pasian a baikan mun ah hong domsang to thei hi.
Ahih hangin leitung ah mawhna hong lut khit ciangin music pen pawlkhatte’ nuntakna a thahat sak mah leh, mi pawlkhat a dingin uukna hoihlote, hehsuahna, ngongtatna leh ki melmakna hogn piangsak thei music hong om ta hi.
Kamsangnu  Ellen G White genna:
 “ Music pen a lam maan in ih zat ciang thupha lianpi hi a, a maan lo in ih zat leh hamsiatna lianpi hi thei hi.” [2]" A maan takin music ih zat ciangin Pasian in a khawnkong a hong piak manpha mah mah , ngiahsutna leh ih kha munsang ah hong domto thei a hi hi."[3]
Hih bangin na gen zom lai hi:
Kha lam thumaan thutak ah hong lutsak thei vanzat  hoih mah mah khat hi. Ih lungsimte hong thanem in, lungsim vangik tak in ih om ciangin ih naupan lai ala hoih no no ih sak theihte ih phawk kik a, tua in ihlugnsim hong thaksuah sak kik in hong khanlo sak kik hi. Psian biak kikhopna ah Pathian biak inkhawmna ah music pen thungetna mah bangin thupi hi. La tampi te pen thungetna la hi."[4] na ci hi.

Music hoihlo in Khannote nuntakna :

Khangnote nuntakna ah popular music(pop music) in a nasep zia  1990 kum in survey na bawl uh hi. Music pen khangote in nak ngaih mah mah mawk uh hi. American khangno mi 2760 (14-16 years) te lak ah, atangpi in a et uh ciangin khangno khat in nipi kaal khat sungin nai 40 sung bang music na ngai uh hi. Kum 2000 ciangin survey dang khat kinei kik a, Englan a kangno 2465 te tung pan a muhkhiat thu in, mikhat in nikhat in nai 2.45 sung bang music ngaih na dingin hun a zatna thu ki mukhia leu leu hi.[5]

Kum 2005 ciangin survey na bawl kik uh a, American khangnote in nikhat in nai 6.8 bang music ngaihna ding hun a zatna uh kimu khia kik hi.[6] Television et na ding sang in music ngaih na ding in hun tam na zang zaw tham cih thu a hi hi.
 Tan 6 (grade 6) sin sangnaupante tung ah survey nei kik uh a, 98% in popular music nak ngaih mah mah uh hi cih bek thamlo in, amaute in a nikhat hun’ 72% pen popular music ngaih na dingin na zangh uh hi.[7]

Naupang leh khangmoi a tampente in IPod leh headphone zang in music ngaih uh a hih manin a nu leh pate in bangla ngai cih zong theih pih lo uh hi.

Popular Music in Khangnote nuntakna ah nasep zia:
1.Popular music a ngaih uh ciangin khangno sangkah laite laisinna ah nakpi takin niamkiatna leh buaina lianpi tuak uh hi cih ki mukhia hi.[8]

2. Heavy metal music (A nawh leh a ngaih mah mah music) a ngaite in a sangin uh ah, a ngailo te sangin buaina haksatna tam neizaw bek thamlo in makaite tawh zong buaina kitelkhialhna tam nei zaw uh hi. [9]

3. Lawmta kikholhna ah zong hih bang popular music a ngai ngaite in buaina tam bawl zaw hamtang hi. ,[10] a diak diakin a nuntakzia uh midang sangin hoihlo zaw hamtang hi.[11]

 4. Theory tampi nunzia leh popular music kizop zia kibawl khin hi. Hih bang musicte in nunzia leh ngaihsutna lam a pialsakna te gezawh loh in om hi.[12]

5. Hih music rock, heavy metal, rap, etc te in nu leh pa mawhna ah hong lutpih in, nu leh pa uukna hoihlo leh zatui leh za (drug) zatna ah hong lutpih hi.[13]

6. Tunai a hong suakthak Rap pawlkhat zahmawh kammal hoihlo zatna leh thagum zatnopna leh huatna kammalte, a diakin numeite zahtak lohna leh nuatna te piang sak hi.[14]zu, zatep leh zatui zatnopna lungsim zong hong suak sak hi. .[15]

7.  Heavy metal leh rock music  in mithahna leh ei leh ei kithahna piangsak hi cih thu zong mu khia lai uh hi.[16] 

8. Heavy metal music ngaih na in a tawp ah  (depression), thukham leh adang dang bangmah awlmawhlohna leh thatang suang a buaina bawlna nangawn suak sak thei hi.[17]

8.   Heavy metal leh  rap music tam angaite in sex ( nu leh pa mawhna) bawlnopna lungsim nei zaw in, amau a thahat loh man un numei buan hatte na hi uh hi.[18].

10. Hihbang la a tam ngaihte in numeite enniam leh numeite tung ah lungsim hoihlo pua in, numei a mudahte hi nuam hamtang uh hi.[19]

11. Hih bang la a tam ngaih naupante in a sangkah laisinna ah a grade niamsak in, Elementary Counselling history ah buaina a tambawl pene leh buaina haksatna a hau pente hi cih thu kimu khia hi.

Music Video:

Popular Music video etna leh nuntak gamtatzia kizopna pen United State leh Europe ah surveyna kinei kik hi. Tan 6 (grade 6) sin lai 75% te in a nikhat hun’ 60% pen popular music video ngaihna dingin na zang uh hi.  Hih naupante lak ah 62% te in nisim in akizom in en uhhi.[20]  Kum beisa a sawt nailo pan a kipan in kum 12-15 kikal naupante in music video pen nipi kaal khat sung in ni 3 leh ni 4 sungbup bang a en uh a hi hi.[21]


1.  Hoihtak in a ki survey ciangin  Rap music video in thagum zatna tam piang sak pen (20.4%), a zom ah rock videos (19.8%).  Hih bangin surveyna pan in  MTV(Music Television) in zu leh zatepna tam piang sak pen hi cih thu mukhia uh hi.

2. Tua MTV a rap music videos in  alcohol(zuu) or tobacco(zatep leh muam) zatna tam piang sak pen hi. [22]

3. 1999 kum  in college sang naupan te lakah Music video a sexy mahmahte a ente pen sangnaupang dangte sang in sex lam ah sang zaw a, nu leh pa mawhna zong tam bawl zaw hi cih ki mukhia hi.[23]

4.  Kum 2007 in grade 7 – grade 8 sangnaupangte lakah professional wrestling  video ente pen a enlote sangin thagum suanga kilaina  leh numai buanna thubuai ah tam kisawh zaw hi cih mukhia hi.[24]

5. Khangno a moi mi 214 te pan a etsin na uh  music-video ente pen numei pasal mawhna ah buai zaw in, nulehpa mawhna zong tam bawlzaw hi cih kimu khia hi.[25]

6. MTV a en pah pah khangnote pen kiten (marriage) ma in nu leh pa omkhopna bawl tamzaw hi cih ki mukhia lai lai hi.[26].

7. American khangno mi 2760 tung pan a etna ah, popular music videos a en ente lak ah zu leh zatui (drug) zatna tm zaw hi cih ki mukhia hi.[27]

Research:
            Zusa bangzah hiam khat manin, bawm nih sung ah koih uh hi. Bawm a khatna zaw ah music hoih classical musicte ngaih sak den uh hi. Bawm a hihna zaw ah misic a ngaih mahmah, anawh leha rock leh rap music te ngai sak uh hi.  Nipi kaal 8 khit ciangin tua zusate a bawm pan in a pua ah lakhia uh hi. A mai uha ah an koih uh ciangin, bawm masa music hoih a ngai ngai zusate in tua an kiang ah zuan pah uh hi. A hih hangin rock or rap music ngai ngai zusate in an lam zuan lo bek thamlo in koi lam pai ding cih nangawn theilo in khuadak hai hai uh hi. 
Music hoihlo tam ngaihna in khuak(brain)sia sak in, lungsim cim sak lo a, lungsim buai in deihtelna leh khensatna kician zong nei theilo uh hi kitel mah mah hi. Kha Siangtho in hong lawmtatna pipen music hi a, music hoihlo ih tam ngaih ciangin lungsim siangtho sak lo in, deihtelna kician zong kinei thei lo hi. Tua a hih manin Paul in, na nek na dawnte zong Pasian minthanna dingin na ne na dawn un a cih bangin, ih ngaih music leh ih sak music te ah pilvang ciat ni.


Kamlet: Pr. Daniel Shoute (ZAC-Malaysia)
[1] Education, p. 168.

[2] Testimonies, vol. 1, p. 497. She also states that in the future, " just before the close of probation," 'there will be shouting, with drums, music, and dancing. The senses of rational beings will become so confused that they cannot be trusted to make right decisions. And this is called the moving of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit never reveals itself in such methods, in such a bedlam of noise. This is an invention of Satan to cover up his ingenious methods for making of none effect the pure, sincere, elevating, ennobling, sanctifying truth for this time" (II SM 36).

[3] Education, p. 167.
[4] Education, p. 168.

[5] North AC, Hargreaves DJ, O'Neill SA. The importance of music to adolescents. Br J Educ Psychol.2000;70 (pt 2):255– 272.

[6] Ward LM, Hansbrough E, Walker E. Contributions of music videos exposure to black adolescents' gender and sexual schemas. J Adolesc Res.2005;20 (2):143– 166.

[7] Christenson P. Preadolescent perceptions and interpretations of music videos. Pop Music Soc.1992;16 (3):63– 74.

[8] La Voie JC, Collins BR. Effect of youth culture music on high school students' academic performance. J Youth Adolesc.1975;4 (1):57– 65. Sousou SD. Effects of melody and lyrics on mood and memory. Percept Mot Skills.1997;85 (1):31– 40.Burns JL, Labbe E, Arke B, et al. The effects of different types of music on perceived and physiological measures of stress. J Music Ther.2002;39 (2):101– 116.


[9] Roberts DF, Christensen PG. Popular music in childhood and adolescence. In: Singer DG, Singer JL, eds. Handbook of Children and the Media. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2001:395–410.

[10] Hakanen EA. Emotional use of music by African American adolescents. Howard J Commun.1995;5(3):214– 222; Wells A, Hakanen EA. The emotional use of popular music by adolescents. Journal Q.1991;68(3):445– 454; Gibson R, Aust CF, Zillmann D. Loneliness of adolescents and their choice and enjoyment of love-celebrating versus love-lamenting popular music. Empir Stud Arts.2000;18 (1):43– 48; Sousou SD. Effects of melody and lyrics on mood and memory. Percept Mot Skills.1997;85 (1):31– 40.; Burns JL, Labbe E, Arke B, et al. The effects of different types of music on perceived and physiological measures of stress. J Music Ther.2002;39 (2):101– 116.

[11] Martino SC, Collins RL, Elliot MN, Stratchman A, Kanouse DE, Berry SH. Exposure to degrading versus nondegrading music lyrics and sexual behavior among youth. Pediatrics.2006;118 (2). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/118/2/e430; Knobloch-Westerwick S, Musto P, Shaw K. Rebellion in the top music charts: defiant messages in rap/hip hop and rock music—1993–2003. Presented at: the International Communication Association Conference; Dresden, Germany, June 19–23, 2006; Anderson CA, Carnagey NL, Eubanks J. Exposure to violent media: the effects of songs with violent lyrics in aggressive thoughts and feelings. J Pers Soc Psychol.2003;84 (5):960– 971; Hogan MJ. Adolescents and media violence: six crucial issues for practitioners. Adolesc Med Clin.2005;16 (2):249– 268, vii.

[12] Hakanen EA. Emotional use of music by African American adolescents. Howard J Commun.1995;5(3):214– 222; Crust L, Clough PJ. The influence of rhythm and personality in the endurance response to motivational asynchronous music. J Sports Sci.2006;24 (2):187– 195;  Gibson R, Aust CF, Zillmann D. Loneliness of adolescents and their choice and enjoyment of love-celebrating versus love-lamenting popular music. Empir Stud Arts.2000;18 (1):43– 48; Roberts KR, Dimsdale J, East P, Friedman L. Adolescent emotional response to music and its relationship to risk-taking behaviors. J Adolesc Health.1998;23 (1):49– 54; Field T, Martínez A, Nawrocki T, Pickens J, Fox NA, Schanberg S. Music shifts frontal EEG in depressed adolescents. Adolescence.1998;33 (129):109– 116.

[13] Reddick BH, Beresin EV. Rebellious rhapsody: metal, rap, community and individuation. Acad Psychiatry.2002;26 (1):51– 59; Diamond S, Bermudez R, Schensul J. What's the rap about ecstasy? Popular music lyrics and drug trends among American youth. J Adolesc Res.2006;21 (3):269– 298; North AC, Hargreaves DJ. Problem music and self-harming. Suicide Life Threat Behav.2006;36(5):582– 590; Herd D. Changes in the prevalence of alcohol use in rap song lyrics, 1979–1997. Addiction.2005;100(9):1258– 1269; Brookshire T, Davis C, Stephens E, Bryant S. Substance use references in the lyrics of favorite songs of African-American adolescents. J Young Investig.2003;8 (1). Available at:www.jyi.org/volumes/volume8/issue1/articles/brookshire.html. Accessed December 10, 2007; Gentile DA. Teen-Oriented Radio and CD Sexual Content Analysis. Minneapolis, MN: National Institute of Media and the Family; 1999. Available at:www.mediafamily.org/research/report_radiocontentanalysis.pdf. Accessed December 10, 2007; L'Engle KL, Brown JD, Kenneavy K. The mass media are an important context for adolescents' sexual behavior. J Adolesc Health.2006;38 (3):186– 192.

[14] Reddick BH, Beresin EV. Rebellious rhapsody: metal, rap, community and individuation. Acad Psychiatry.2002;26 (1):51– 59; Martino SC, Collins RL, Elliot MN, Stratchman A, Kanouse DE, Berry SH. Exposure to degrading versus nondegrading music lyrics and sexual behavior among youth. Pediatrics.2006;118 (2). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/118/2/e430; Fischer P, Greitemeyer T. Music and aggression: the impact of sexual-aggressive song lyrics on aggression-related thoughts, emotions, and behavior toward the same and opposite sex. Pers Soc Psychol Bull.2006;32 (9):1165– 1176; Segal D. Grammy's discordant note. The Washington Post. January 5, 2001:A01.

[15] Scheel KR, Westefeld JS. Heavy metal music and adolescent suicidality: an empirical investigation.Adolescence.1999;34 (134):253– 273

[16] North AC, Hargreaves DJ. Problem music and self-harming. Suicide Life Threat Behav.2006;36(5):582– 590; Scheel KR, Westefeld JS. Heavy metal music and adolescent suicidality: an empirical investigation.Adolescence.1999;34 (134):253– 273; ↵Martin G, Clarke M, Pearce C. Adolescent suicide: music preference as an indicator of vulnerability. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry.1993;32 (3):530– 535,; Litman RE, Farberow NL. Pop-rock music as precipitating cause in youth suicide. J Forensic Sci.1994;39 (2):494– 499; Burge M, Goldblat C, Lester D. Music preferences and suicidality: a comment on Stack. Death Stud.2002;26 (6):501– 504.

[17] Pedersen W, Skrondal A. Ecstasy and new patterns of drug use: a normal population study.Addiction.1999;94 (11):1695– 1706.

[18] Took KJ, Weiss DS. The relationship between heavy metal and rap music and adolescent turmoil: real or artifact? Adolescence.1994;29 (115):613– 621; Klein JD, Brown JD, Childers KW, Olivieri J, Porter C, Dykers C. Adolescents' risky behavior and mass media use. Pediatrics.1993;92 (1):24– 31;

[19] Fischer P, Greitemeyer T. Music and aggression: the impact of sexual-aggressive song lyrics on aggression-related thoughts, emotions, and behavior toward the same and opposite sex. Pers Soc Psychol Bull.2006;32 (9):1165– 1176.

[20] Christenson P. Preadolescent perceptions and interpretations of music videos. Pop Music Soc.1992;16 (3):63– 74; Roe K, Cammaer G. Delivering the young audience to advertisers: music television and Flemish youth. Communications.1993;18 (2):169– 177; Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Reaching the MTV generation: recent research on the impact of the Kaiser Foundation/MTV public education campaign on sexual health. Available at:www.kff.org/entmedia/Reaching-the-MTV-Generation-Report.cfm. Accessed December 10, 2007; van den Bulck J, Beullens K. Television and music video exposure, and adolescent alcohol use while going out. Alcohol Alcohol.2005;40 (3):249– 253.

[21] Kaestle CE, Halpern CT, Brown JD. Music videos, pro wrestling and acceptance of date rape among middle school males and females: an exploratory analysis. J Adolesc Health.2007;40 (2):185– 187.

[22] DuRant RH, Rome ES, Rich M, Allred E, Emans SJ, Woods ER. Tobacco and alcohol use behaviors portrayed in music videos: a content analysis. Am J Public Health.1997;87 (7):1131– 1135.
[24] Kaestle CE, Halpern CT, Brown JD. Music videos, pro wrestling and acceptance of date rape among middle school males and females: an exploratory analysis. J Adolesc Health.2007;40 (2):185– 187.

[25]Strouse JS, Buerkel-Rothfuss N, Long EC. Gender and family as moderators of the relationship between music video exposure and adolescent sexual permissiveness. Adolescence.1995;30(119):505– 521. 

[26] Brown JD, L'Engle KL, Pardum CJ, Guo GJ, Kenneavy K, Jackson C. Sexy media matter: exposure to sexual content in music, movies, television, and magazines predicts black and white adolescents' sexual behavior. Pediatrics.2006;117 (4):1018– 1027; L'Engle KL, Brown JD, Kenneavy K. The mass media are an important context for adolescents' sexual behavior. J Adolesc Health.2006;38 (3):186– 192; Greeson LE, Williams RA. Social implications of music videos for youth: an analysis of the content and effects of MTV. Youth Soc.1986;18 (2):177– 189.

[27] Robinson TN, Chen HL, Killen JD. Television and music video exposure and risk of adolescent alcohol use. Pediatrics.1998;102 (5). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/102/5/e54; Strasburger VC. Alcohol advertising and adolescents. Pediatr Clin North Am.2002;49 (2):353– 376, vii.

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